1.1.1 Diagnosis established with spirometry
1.1.2 Chest x-ray not diagnostic
1.1.3.1 Catherine Beigelman-Aubry, André Capderou, Philippe A. Grenier, Christian Straus, Marie-Hélène Becquemin, Thomas Similowski, and Marc Zelter Mild Intermittent Asthma: CT Assessment of Bronchial Cross-sectional Area and Lung Attenuation at Controlled Lung Volume Radiology April 2002 223:181-187
1.1.3.2 McKenzie SA. Difficult asthma in children. Eur Respir Review 2000;60:18 -22
1.1.3.3 Marchac, Valentine, Emond, Sophie, Mamou-Mani, Tania, Le Bihan-Benjamin, Christine, le Bourgeois, Muriel, de Blic, Jacques, Scheinmann, Pierre, Brunelle, Francis Thoracic CT in Pediatric Patients with Difficult-to-Treat Asthma Am. J. Roentgenol. 2002 179: 1245-1252
1.1.3.4 Phillips, CD, Platts-Mills, TA Chronic sinusitis: relationship between CT findings and clinical history of asthma, allergy, eosinophilia, and infection Am. J. Roentgenol. 1995 164: 185-187
1.2.1.1.1 CTA or MRA of the chest and abdomen are the preferred examinations, routine CT or MR are acceptable especially if dissection is not the only diagnosis under consideration. This is a true emergency with mortality increasing about 1% per hour. Michelle A. McMahon and Christopher A. Squirrell Multidetector CT of Aortic Dissection: A Pictorial Review Radiographics March 2010 30:445-460
1.2.1.2.1 Absent distal pulses
1.2.1.2.2 Acute onset of severe chest, upper back, or abdominal pain.
1.2.1.2.3 Pain with abnormal appearance of aorta on prior imaging
1.2.1.2.4 Prior Aneurysm Repair
1.2.1.2.5 Unequal blood pressure in arms
1.2.1.3.1 ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Chest Pain-Suspected Aortic Dissection 2008
1.2.1.3.2 A. Khan and Chandra K. Nair Clinical, Diagnostic, and Management Perspectives of Aortic Dissection Chest July 2002 122:311-328;
1.2.1.3.3 Kersting-Sommerhoff, BA, Sechtem, UP, Fisher, MR, Higgins, CB MR imaging of congenital anomalies of the aortic arch Am. J. Roentgenol. 1987 149 9-13
1.2.1.3.4 Paul J. Arpasi, Kostaki G. Bis, Anil N. Shetty, Richard D. White, and Orlando P. Simonetti MR Angiography of the Thoracic Aorta with an Electrocardiographically Triggered Breath-Hold Contrast-enhanced Sequence RadioGraphics 2000 20: 107-120.
1.2.1.3.5 Prince MR. Gadolinium-enhanced MR aortography. Radiology 1994; 191:155-164.
1.2.1.3.6 Roche, Kevin J., Rivera, Rafael, Argilla, Michael, Fefferman, Nancy R., Pinkney, Lynne P., Rusinek, Henry, Genieser, Nancy B. Assessment of Vasculature Using Combined MRI and MR Angiography Am. J. Roentgenol. 2004 182: 861-866
1.2.1.3.7 Patel, Pawan D., Arora, Rohit R. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of aortic dissection Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease 2008 2: 439-468
1.2.1.3.8 G. Sutsch et al, Predictability of aortic dissection as a function of aortic diameter Eur. Heart J., Jan 1991; 12: 1247 – 1256.
1.2.1.3.9 Robert G. Hayter, James T. Rhea, Andrew Small, Faranak S. Tafazoli, and Robert A. Novelline Suspected Aortic Dissection and Other Aortic Disorders: Multi-Detector Row CT in 373 Cases in the Emergency Setting Radiology 2006 238: 841-852
class=”content-item”>1.2.1.3 References