1.1 Acute coronary syndrome
1.2 Atrial fibrillation/flutter
1.3 Chest pain
1.4 Dizziness
1.5 Fatigue
1.6 Frequent ventricular premature contractions
1.7 Hemodynamic instability
1.8 Hypertension
1.9 Hypotension
1.10 Hypoxemia
1.11 Irregular heartbeat
1.12 Myocradial infarction (heart attack)
1.13 Palpitations
1.14 Presyncope (lightheadedness)
1.15 Respiratory failure
1.16 Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
1.17 Stroke
1.18 Supraventricular tachycardia
1.19 Swelling of the ankles and feet (edema)
1.20 Syncope (fainting)
1.21 Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
1.22 Ventricular fibrillation
1.23 Ventricular tachycardia
1.24.1 Chest pain
1.24.2 Lower extremity edema (swelling of the ankles and feet)
1.24.3 Pleural effusion
1.24.4 Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
2.1 Acute aortic pathology (aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating aortic ulcer), suspected
2.2 Cardiac mass or tumor, suspected
2.3 Cardiac source of embolus, suspected
2.4 Cardiac thrombus, suspected
2.5 Cardiomyopathy (restrictive, infiltrative, dilated, hypertrophic), suspected
2.6 Complication of myocardial ischemia or infarction, suspected
2.7 Determine candidacy for an implantable device (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy, ventricular assist device)
2.8.1 Intracardiac device
2.8.2 New murmur
2.8.3 Positive blood cultures
2.8.4 Prosthetic heart valve
2.9 Pulmonary hypertension, suspected
2.10.1 Chest pain
2.10.2 Dizziness
2.10.3 Fatigue
2.10.4 Irregular heartbeat
2.10.5 Palpitations
2.10.6 Presyncope (lightheadedness)
2.10.7 Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
2.10.8 Swelling of the ankles and feet (edema)
2.10.9 Syncope (fainting)
3.1 Chronic mitral regurgitation (MR)
3.2 Hypertension
3.3 Hypotension
3.4 Murmur or abnormal heart sounds
3.5 Swelling of the ankles and feet (edema)
4.1 Ascending aortic dilatation or aneurysm
4.2 Atrial fibrillation/flutter
4.3 Chronic mitral regurgitation (MR)
4.4 Left bundle branch block (LBBB)
4.5 Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
4.6 Low ejection fraction (<50%)
4.7 Pericardial effusion
4.8 Positive blood cultures and suspect infective endocarditis
4.9 Re-evaluation of prior abnormal transthoracic echoardiogram (TTE) or Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) finding for interval change when a change in therapy is anticipated
4.10 Right bundle branch block (RBBB)
4.11 Supraventricular tachycardia
4.12 Ventricular fibrillation
4.13 Ventricular premature contractions
4.14 Ventricular tachycardia
5.1 Acute aortic pathology (aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating aortic ulcer)
5.2 Amyloidosis
5.3 Ascending aortic dilatation or aneurysm
5.4.1.1 Repeat imaging at an interval <1 year
5.4.2.1 Repeat imaging at an interval <1 year
5.4.3 Initial evaluation
5.5 Cardiac or pericardial mass or tumor
5.6 Cardiac source of embolus
5.7.1.1 6-month routine follow-up asd or pfo device closure
5.7.1.2 Clinical concern for infection, malposition, embolization or persistent shunt
5.7.2.1 Long-term follow-up
5.7.2.2 Prior to discharge
5.7.2.3 Surveillance at 45 days or fda guidance/guidelines for follow-up
5.7.3 Evaluation after heart surgery (including cardiac transplant)
5.7.4.1 Preprocedural evaluation for closure of atrial septal defect (ASD)
5.7.4.2 Preprocedural evaluation for closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO)
5.7.4.3 Preprocedural evaluation for left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion
5.7.4.4 Screen for intraprocedural complications for laa occlusion
5.7.5.1 Follow-up after placement
5.7.5.2 Suspected complication
5.7.5.3 Suspected infection
5.7.5.4 Worsening heart failure symptoms
5.7.6.1.1 Annually to 5 years for assessment of mitral regurgitation severity and left ventricular function
5.7.6.1.2 At 1 month
5.7.6.1.3 At 1 year
5.7.6.1.4 At 6 months
5.7.6.1.5 Prior to discharge
5.7.6.1.6 Suspicion of post-procedural valve dysfunction
5.7.6.2 Prior to percutaneous mitral valve repair
5.7.7.1.1 Initial postoperative assessment (6 weeks to 3 months postoperative)
5.7.7.1.2 Re-evaluation ≥3 years later in the absence of suspected dysfunction
5.7.7.2 Mitral valve repair with suspected dysfunction
5.7.7.3.1 Initial postoperative evaluation of bioprosthetic or mechanical valve (6 weeks to 3 months postoperative)
5.7.7.3.2 Re-evaluation after the first 10 years for a bioprosthesis
5.7.7.3.3 Re-evaluation prior to pregnancy in the absence of an echocardiogram within the last year
5.7.7.3.4 Re-evaluation ≥3 years for mechanical or tissue valves
5.7.7.4.1 Evaluation of infective endocarditis
5.7.7.4.2 Mechanical or tissue valve with concern for valve dysfunction
5.7.7.4.3 Re-evaluation of known prosthetic valve dysfunction when it would help guide therapy
5.7.8.1 Intra-procedural assessment
5.7.8.2 Pre-tavr assessment
5.7.8.3 Suspicion of post-procedural valve dysfunction
5.8 Cardiac thrombus
5.9 Cardiomyopathy (restrictive, infiltrative, dilated, hypertrophic)
5.10 Congenital heart disease
5.11 Diabetes
5.12 Exposure to medications/radiation that could result in cardiotoxicity, such as chemotherapy
5.13 First-degree relative with an inherited cardiomyopathy
5.14 First-degree relative with aortic aneurysm or dissection
5.15 First-degree relative with bicuspid aortic valve
5.16 Heart failure
5.17 Hypertension
5.18 Hypotension
5.19 Infective endocarditis
5.20 Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
5.21 Marfan syndrome
5.22 Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
5.23 Noonan syndrome
5.24 Pericardial constriction
5.25 Pericardial effusion
5.26 Potential heart donor
5.27.1 Abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG)
5.27.2 Abnormal physical examination
5.27.3 Family history of inheritable heart disease
5.28 Psoriasis
5.29 Pulmonary hypertension
5.30 Rheumatic heart disease
5.31 Rheumatoid arthritis
5.32 Sarcoidosis
5.33 Stroke
5.34.1 Change in cardiac examination
5.34.2 Change in clinical status
5.34.3 Re-evaluation to guide therapy
5.35 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
5.36 Transient ischemic atack (TIA)
5.37 Turner syndrome
5.38.1 After control of systemic hypertension in patients with low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis (AS)
5.38.2.1 Every 1 year
5.38.3.1 Every 6-12 months
5.38.4 Change in clinical status or cardiac examination
5.38.5.1 Every 1-2 years
5.38.6 Re-evaluation to guide therapy
5.38.7.1 Every 3-5 years
5.39 Vasculitis
6.1 David S. Bach, American College of Cardiology, 9/1/17
2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in Valvular Heart Disease
2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in Valvular Heart Disease
6.2 John U. Doherty et al., Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC Journals), 2017 Sep, 70 (13) 1647-1672
ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
6.3 American College of Cardiology , 1/7/19
New AUC: Multimodality Imaging in Assessing Cardiac Structure and Function in Structural Heart Disease
New AUC: Multimodality Imaging in Assessing Cardiac Structure and Function in Structural Heart Disease
6.4 John U. Doherty et al., Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC Journals), 2019 Feb, 73 (4) 488–516
ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2019 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in the Assessment of Cardiac Structure and Function in Nonvalvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons
ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2019 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in the Assessment of Cardiac Structure and Function in Nonvalvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons
6.5 Debabrata Mukherjee, American College of Cardiology, 1/7/19
2019 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in Nonvalvular Heart Disease
2019 Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodality Imaging in Nonvalvular Heart Disease
6.6 Singh A and Ward RP, Current Cardiology Reports, 2016 Sep;18(9):93
Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography: Evolving Applications in the Era of Value-Based Healthcare
Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography: Evolving Applications in the Era of Value-Based Healthcare